A Comprehensive Review of Topology Optimization for Wind Turbine Structural Components: Methods, Applications, and Experimental Validations

This study provides a comprehensive review of topology optimization (TO) as applied to the structuralcomponents of wind turbines. It describes the fundamental methodologies, explores diverse applicationsacross various turbine components, and critically examines the state of experimental validation. This reviewhighlights TO's transformative potential in achieving significant mass reduction, enhancing structuralperformance, and reducing costs, particularly when synergized with advanced manufacturing techniques,such as additive manufacturing. Furthermore, it addresses current challenges, including manufacturability,computational demands for large-scale problems, and the integration of multi-physics phenomena, whileoutlining promising future directions driven by Artificial Intelligence (AI) and advanced materials.