ASSESSING THE SIGNIFICANCE OF TREE-BASED CARBON SEQUESTRATION IN NORTHERN NIGERIA: AN INTEGRATED REVIEW

Forests are significant terrestrial carbon sinks that play a crucial role in mitigating climate change by sequestering atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2). Trees as the primary components of forests, have been extensively studied for their carbon sequestration potential. This review comprehensively explored the factors influencing tree carbon sequestration, the methodologies employed to measure and estimate carbon sequestration and the potential of trees in addressing climate change. The carbon sequestration potential of trees is influenced by various factors, including species-specific characteristics, stand age and structure, site conditions and management practices. Tree species possess inherent differences in their growth rates, photosynthetic efficiency and biomass allocation patterns, which directly impact their carbon sequestration capacity. Older, mature forests generally exhibit higher potential due to their larger biomass and slower growth rates. Site factors such as soil fertility, climate and topography also influence tree growth and carbon storage. Proper forest management practices, including silvicultural treatments and harvesting strategies, can optimize carbon sequestration by promoting tree health and growth. A variety of methodologies have been developed to measure and estimate tree carbon sequestration. Direct measurements involve destructive sampling to quantify aboveground and belowground biomass, while indirect methods utilize allometric equations, the mean ratio method (MRM), the biomass expansion factor (BEF) and remote sensing techniques. Trees have immense potential to sequester carbon and mitigate global climate change. Afforestation and reforestation initiatives can create new forest ecosystems, expanding the global carbon sink. Sustainable forest management practices can enhance carbon sequestration in existing forests while ensuring their long-term health and productivity. Tree-based carbon offset programs offer opportunities for individuals and organizations to reduce their carbon footprint by supporting tree planting and conservation projects.