Analysing Hardness Gradients and Tensile Strength in AISI 4130 and ASTM A653M Sheet Metals: Implications for Structural Integrity and Manufacturing Optimization

This study investigated the mechanical properties of AISI 4130 and ASTM A653M sheet metals through hardness testing and tensile experiments, supported by Finite Element Analysis (FEA). Hardness was measured using the Vickers method, revealing patterns of consistency and variation, while tensile tests under uniaxial loading conditions were conducted to assess strength and deformation behaviours. Key results included hardness variations in AISI 4130 from 118HV to 146HV and in ASTM A653M from 138HV to 149HV, alongside tensile strengths averaging 510 MPa for AISI 4130 and 522 MPa for ASTM A653M. FEA simulations corroborated these findings by providing insights into stress distribution and material behaviour under loads ranging from 250N to 1000N, highlighting transitions from elastic to plastic deformation. The conclusions suggest that while both materials offer robust performance for structural applications, AISI 4130 shows potential localized weaknesses that require further investigation. Recommendations include refining manufacturing processes for AISI 4130 to ensure uniform material properties and conducting additional tests under varied conditions to better predict failure modes in both materials.