GENDER CHARACTERISTICS OF INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL MIGRATION

Migration is a complex and transformative phenomenon influenced by economic, social, political, and environmental factors, where gender plays a pivotal role in shaping migration patterns, experiences, and outcomes. This article explores the nuanced gender dimensions within the contexts of both internal (within a country) and external (across international borders) migration. It synthesizes existing literature, presents empirical findings from qualitative and quantitative research methods, discusses policy implications, and integrates historical perspectives to enhance understanding and inform gender-sensitive migration strategies.