Closed Surface Cosmology: A Two-Phase Universe Structured by Internal Static Fields and External Diffused Curvature

This paper proposes a cosmological theory based on Closed Surface Theory, in which the universe is composed not of empty vacuum but of a low-pressure, diffused material field containing hydrogen, helium, and neutrons. The theory classifies space into two domains: the interior of closed surfaces (e.g., electrons), which are static and time-invariant, and the exterior, which undergoes dynamic expansion and curvature. Time is shown to emerge only in the external domain, while curvature is defined by the spatial gradient of closed surface density. Furthermore, this model geometrically explains force, interference, spin, and time asymmetry without relying on conventional point-particle assumptions. A unified geometric equation of the universe is presented, offering a new foundation for field theories in physics. Author of this work: Dr. Tetsuo Konno, ORCID: 0000-0002-5960-9115