Development of IoT Based Solution for Monitoring of Distribution Transformers

Distribution transformers play a key role in the electrical grid by stepping down high-voltage electricity to levels that can be safely used by consumers. Ensuring their proper operation is essential, as failures can lead to power interruptions and equipment damage. Traditional inspection methods are manual and infrequent, making them unsuitable for detecting sudden issues or providing immediate alerts. This project introduces a smart monitoring system that leverages IoT technology to track transformer health continuously and remotely. It utilizes an Arduino microcontroller connected to various sensors that measure voltage, load current, oil level, and internal temperature. The data gathered by the sensors is processed and then transmitted wirelessly to an online platform using the ESP8266 Wi-Fi module. The system allows users to view transformer conditions in real time through a web interface, enabling quick identification of abnormal behaviour. When any parameter exceeds its threshold, the system instantly generates warnings both on a local LCD and the online dashboard. This helps prevent major faults, supports early maintenance, and improves operational reliability. With its low power consumption, scalable architecture, and affordable components, the system is well suited for widespread use in power distribution networks. It ensures improved transformer management, extended service life, and consistent electricity delivery to consumers.