Multivariant Assessment of Physicochemical Characteristics of Kottakayal Wetland in South India: A Pilot Study on Degraded Ecosystem Under the Threat of Sand and Clay Mining

Water is a crucial natural resource, and its quality is defined by its physical, chemical, and biological properties. The present study investigates the physico-chemical properties of the Kottakayal wetland, located in the Ithikkara block, South India, and explores its ecological aspects. Six sampling sites were selected to evaluate parameters such as temperature, pH, transparency, carbon dioxide, dissolved oxygen, salinity, chloride, total solids (TS), total suspended solid (TSS), total dissolved solids (TDS), Total alkalinity, total hardness, calcium hardness, magnesium hardness, nitrite, phosphate and silicate. The study reveals significant fluctuations and interdependencies among these parameters, impacting the wetland's ecological status. Multivariant analysis reveals the distinguishing nature of the study sites selected for analysis. The findings indicate that while most parameters remain within permissible limits, the high chloride concentration renders the water unsuitable for drinking and irrigation purposes. However, the water quality is deemed suitable for fish culture, highlighting the need for sustainable water management practices to protect this valuable ecosystem.