HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE MARKETS AND CARAVAN SERAS OF THE SAMARKAND REGION AT THE END OF THE 19TH AND EARLY 20TH CENTURIES

This article analyzes the formation, activity and development processes of markets and caravanserais in the Samarkand region in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. This period witnessed significant changes in the trade life of Central Asia. Samarkand markets functioned as the region's trade center, playing an important role in the development of domestic and foreign trade. Caravansaries, in turn, served as the necessary infrastructure for merchants and travelers. These structures strengthened economic ties and expanded international trade. The study also examines the role of markets and caravanserais in socio-economic life, their connection with urbanization and the transport system. The strategic geographical location of Samarkand played an important role in the development of these facilities. The article is written on the basis of historical sources and archival materials and serves as an important theoretical basis for a deeper study of these issues. Keywords: Samarkand, markets, caravanserais, merchants, tourism