Parapharyngodon Chatterji 1933

Key to the Neotropical species of the genus Parapharyngodon Chatterji 1. Males with blunt-type spicule .............................................. .............................................. P. silvoi 1’. Males with sharp-type spicule ......................................................................................................... 2 2. Males with echinate anterior anal lip .......................................................................................... 3 2’. Males with smooth anterior anal lip ............................................................................................ 8 3. Unpaired post-anal papilla absent ................................................................................................ 4 3’. Unpaired post-anal papilla present ............................................................................ P. riojensis 4. Males with lateral alae present ...................................................................................................... 5 4’. Males without lateral alae .................................. .................................. P. pereiramendoi sp. n. 5. Males with the presence of a genital cone ............................................................................... 6 5’. Males without the presence of a genital cone ........................................................................ 7 6. Males with triangular oral opening surrounded by six well-developed labial papillae; females with oval oral opening surrounded by six flattened lips; flanges of the anterior anal lip well developed, with the presence of a papilla-like structure on the ventral surface of the genital cone .................................................................................. P. hugoi 6’. Triangular oral opening surrounded by three bilobed lips in both sexes; males with six labial papillae present, females, four; flanges of the anterior anal lip delicate ................ ................................................................................................................................................... P. politoedi 7. Females with ovary in prebulbar position .................................................................. P. bainae 7’. Females with ovary in postbulbar position .................................................... P. sanjuanensis 8. Unpaired post-anal papilla absent ................................................................................................ 9 8’ Unpaired post-anal papilla present ............................................................................................ 10 9. Males with the presence of a genital cone .............................. .............................. P. curupira 9’. Males without the presence of a genital cone ...................................................................... 11 10. Males with spicule larger than 80 μm .................................................................... P. sceleratus 10’. Males with spicule smaller than 80 μm .................................................................................... 12 11. Males with three pairs of caudal papillae, and eggs with eggshell thin and smooth ... ................................................................................................................................................ P. alvarengai 11’. Males with four pairs of caudal papillae, and eggs with eggshell thick and punctated .................................................................................................................................................... P. hispidus 12. Males with pre cloacal papillae ................................................................................ P. verrucosus 12’. Males without pre cloacal papillae ....................................... ....................................... P. largitor