Estudio y fundamentos del liquen escleroatrófico vulvar tratado con láser de CO2 fraccionado y plasma rico en plaquetas

Lichen scleroatrophicus is a chronic inflammatory disease of possible autoimmune origin, as its etiology is unclear; prevalence and incidence are uncertain, with an average age at diagnosis between the fifth and sixth decade of life. Its clinical presentation includes symptoms (pain, itching, dysuria, and dyspareunia) and invariably is associated with multiple ecchymoses, fissures of the posterior commissure, and adhesions in the vaginal lips and clitoral hood. The purpose of treatment is to reduce symptoms and the probability of eliminating the risk of vulvar cancer. In this study, a literature review was conducted to study the fundamentals of vulvar lichen sclerosus (VLS) treated with fractional CO2 laser and platelet-rich plasma (PRP). For this review, databases were consulted: PubMed, Google Scholar, Cochrane, and SciELO. Article search was conducted using the keywords: “lichen sclerosus,” “vulvar cancer,” “fractional CO2 laser,” and “platelet-rich plasma,” from studies conducted in the last 15 years. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, 7 articles were evaluated. In the results, the authors agree on the improvement in the quality of life and sexual function of postmenopausal patients treated with fractional CO2 laser and PRP, whose effects according to the literature are very favorable in this population. From the analysis, therapeutic guidelines emerge for the treatment of VLS, highlighting PRP and fractional CO2 laser as novel therapies currently.