HIV INFECTION: PATHOGENESIS, GLOBAL SITUATION, DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT

Viral entry into host cells is a critical step in the viral life cycle. Entry of HIV-1 is mediated by the single surface envelope glycoprotein Env and is initiated by the interaction between Env and the host CD4 receptor. This interaction, referred to as the attachment step, has long been considered an attractive target for the discovery and development of inhibitors. The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is known to cause impairment of the human immune system and has been the leading cause of death until recently. It has been proven that the main target of HIV is T-lymphocytes. The virus inactivates T-lymphocytes by affecting a wide range of cellular and molecular targets, which leads to suppression of the immune system. We have analyzed various sources of information on HIV infection and summarized the main material in our article.