sorted semen in Cattle

Sex-sorted semen is sorted semen contains either X or Y chromosome bearing sperms and the use of it would produce a desired sex i.e. male or female animal. In the dairy industry, a female calf is always preferred, hence using sperm having the X chromosome in semen will help in creating the greatest number of females possible. Many traditional methods of sorting sperm have been employed frequently, such as swim-up, density gradient centrifugation, detection of the H-Y antigen, and free flow electrophoresis. A recently developed technique called flow cytometry increases the potential of commercial sperm sorting. But when sperm are sorted using flow cytometry, they go through a pressure-filled nozzle, DNA is dyed, they pass through an ultraviolet laser beam, they undergo electrostatic separation, centrifugation, and other processes that alter their membranes and cause additional changes like pre-capacitation in the sorted sperm, which lowers fertility. Despite these drawbacks, the commercial generation of sexed semen—typically succeeded by cryopreservation—is utilised in the cattle industry.