ROLE OF SIZE AND CHARGE OF NANOPARTICLES IN PHARMACEUTICAL FORMULATIONS: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW

The unique physicochemical characteristics of nanoparticles (NPs), which are mostly controlled by their size and surface charge, have made them a focus of medicinal sciences. These traits play a crucial role in determining how nanoparticles interact with biological systems, proving their importance in therapeutic applications and drug delivery. This review explores the intricate relationship between nanoparticle charge and size, looking at how these characteristics affect important pharmacological aspects like drug transport, bioavailability, toxicity, and therapeutic efficacy. Liposomes, polymeric, metallic, and nanocrystals nanoparticles are among the many types of nanoparticles that are covered, with a focus on their special qualities and uses. In order to shed insight on their functions in cellular absorption, systemic circulation, biodistribution, and elimination, the review critically examines the ways in which size and charge impact pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Furthermore, it outlines methods for maximizing these variables in order to improve medication administration, reduce side effects, and produce superior therapeutic results. Based on current developments and studies in nanotechnology, this review attempts to provide a thorough grasp of how adjusting the size and surface charge of nanoparticles can help with present pharmaceutical development issues and open the door to more accurate and efficient treatment options.