Agricultural and Domestic Pollution Impact on Ulhas River Water Quality

Abstract Water quality degradation due to Vangani Agricultural Runoff Zone and Ambernath Discharge Point, Ulhasnagar-Midstream, Vitthalwadi - Downstream is a growing environmental concern. This study assesses the physicochemical and microbiological parameters of a Ulhas river ecosystem affected by these pollution sources. Water samples were collected from five strategically selected locations, including upstream control, agricultural runoff zones, urban discharge points, midstream, and downstream areas. Key parameters such as turbidity, total dissolved solids (TDS), electrical conductivity (EC), nitrate, phosphate, and coliform bacteria were analyzed to evaluate pollution levels. Results indicate excessive nutrient loading from agricultural activities, leading to eutrophication, while urban wastewater significantly contributes to microbial contamination. The findings highlight the urgent need for improved wastewater treatment, sustainable farming practices, and policy interventions to mitigate water pollution and protect public health