A Study of Urban Morphology of Patna

This paper explores the urban morphology of Patna, one of the oldest inhabited cities in South Asia, through a theoretical approach. Tracing its evolution from the ancient city of Pataliputra to the contemporary urban fabric of a designated Smart City, the study analyzes the spatial transformations influenced by historical, colonial, and post-independence urban developments. Using frameworks such as the Conzenian approach, space syntax theory, and postcolonial urban theory, the research identifies Patna’s unique morphological patterns, characterized by linear riverine growth, layered historical cores, and emerging unplanned expansions. The paper emphasizes the importance of integrating morphological understanding into sustainable urban planning and heritage conservation efforts, especially in cities with complex historical geographies like Patna.