A Comparative Study on Tetanus and Ornithosis: Pathogenesis, Clinical Features, and Public Health Implications , The Narrative Review.

Tetanus and ornithosis are two distinct infectious diseases caused by Clostridium tetani and Chlamydia psittaci, respectively. While tetanus is a non-communicable neurotoxic disease primarily acquired through environmental exposure, ornithosis is a zoonotic respiratory illness transmitted from birds to humans. This paper explores the microbiology, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of these diseases. In recent years, emerging antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in C. psittaci and concerns over tetanus under-immunization in developing countries have posed new challenges. The study highlights the necessity of improving vaccine coverage (for tetanus), zoonotic surveillance (for ornithosis), and public health interventions for both diseases.