Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and Liver-Protective Properties of n-Hexane and Chloroform Fractions of Spondias mombin Leaves in Albino Rats

Body weight serves as a key marker for assessing drug effects and potential toxicity. In this study, extract-treated rats exhibited no significant changes in body weight, indicating the absence of phytochemicals that influence weight. Additionally, the antioxidant properties of Spondias mombin extracts were analyzed, revealing a significant increase in superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH) activity, along with a reduction in malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, demonstrating potent antioxidant effects. The anti-inflammatory potential was evaluated using the egg albumin-induced paw edema model, where the 400 mg/kg extract dose exhibited greater inhibition compared to diclofenac. This suggests additional anti-inflammatory mechanisms, possibly involving antioxidant and membrane-stabilizing effects. Liver function tests showed that extract administration reduced ALT, AST, and ALP levels, demonstrating hepatoprotective potential. Similarly, renal function markers improved, with reduced urea and uric acid levels at higher extract concentrations, likely due to antioxidative and nephroprotective properties. Electrolyte balance was also positively influenced by extract treatment. These findings highlight the therapeutic potential of Spondias mombin extracts in modulating oxidative stress, inflammation, and organ function, supporting its traditional medicinal applications.