Protective Effects of Clove Isolates on Testicular Health and Sperm Redox Status in TCA-Treated Rats

Male reproductive health is increasingly vulnerable to environmental pollutants, with Trichloroacetic acid (TCA) being a common contaminant that adversely affects the male reproductive system. This study investigates the modulating effects of clove isolates, specifically eugenol, on testicular patho-histology and sperm redox status in TCA-treated rats. Known for their antioxidant properties, clove isolates are explored for their potential therapeutic intervention against TCA-induced testicular toxicity. Sixty adult male Wistar rats were divided into ten groups of six rats each: Group 1 received 2 ml/kg body weight of normal saline daily for 30 days via orogastric cannula (Negative Control); Group 2 received 4 mg/kg of EIC via orogastric cannula for 15 days; Group 3 received 10 mg/kg of EIC via orogastric cannula for 15 days; Group 4 received 200 mg/kg of TCA via orogastric cannula for 15 days; Group 5 received 400 mg/kg of TCA via orogastric cannula for 15 days; Group 6 received 200 mg/kg of TCA for the first 15 days, followed by 4 mg/kg of EIC for another 15 days via orogastric cannula; Group 7 received 400 mg/kg of TCA for the first 15 days, followed by 10 mg/kg of EIC for another 15 days via orogastric cannula; Group 8 received 4 mg/kg of EIC for the first 15 days, followed by 200 mg/kg of TCA for another 15 days via orogastric cannula; Group 9 received 10 mg/kg of EIC for the first 15 days, followed by 400 mg/kg of TCA for another 15 days via orogastric cannula; and Group 10 received 4 mg/kg of EIC for 30 days in combination with 200 mg/kg of TCA for 30 days via orogastric cannula. Results indicate that TCA significantly impairs sperm parameters, while eugenol isolates show the potential to mitigate TCA's detrimental effects. Oxidative stress markers reveal a dosedependent response, supporting these findings. Histological observations highlight TCA-induced testicular damage and the protective effects of eugenol isolates. This research provides valuable insights into the protective effects of clove isolates on male reproductive health, suggesting potential natural-based interventions to counter environmental challenges. The study underscores the complex interplay between TCA, clove isolates, and reproductive parameters, offering a foundation for further research and therapeutic interventions to safeguard testicular health