Factors Affecting Employee's Work Performance in the Hospitality Industry in Cebu, Philippines

Abstract This study examined the impact of empowerment, transformational leadership, teamwork, and work environment on employee work performance in Cebu's hospitality industry. Data were gathered through surveys with respondents, including hotel staff and tour operators. Empowerment, characterized by autonomy, decision-making, collaboration, and trust, showed a moderate influence on work performance. Transformational leadership also had a moderate effect, underlining the role of shared values, beliefs, and missions between supervisors and employees. Teamwork contributed moderately to performance, emphasizing team goals, role clarity, and sensitivity to team needs. The work environment, especially for tour operators, was perceived as moderately influential on performance. No significant relationships were found between demographic variables (age, sex, civil status, educational attainment, length of service) and empowerment, transformational leadership, and work environment. However, length of service correlated with teamwork’s impact. Certain demographic factors—such as educational attainment, length of service, and age—showed significant relationships with empowerment, transformational leadership, teamwork, and work environment dimensions. Generally, no significant differences were observed among empowerment, transformational leadership, teamwork, and work environment factors, supporting the null hypothesis. Nevertheless, respondents’ perceptions of empowerment, transformational leadership, and teamwork differed significantly, leading to partial rejection of the null hypothesis. The findings highlight the varying influence of these factors on work performance and their relationship with demographic profiles, revealing nuanced perceptions across different work-related dimensions. Keyword: Work engagement, Work performance, Hotel engagement, Cebu City, Philippines