The Flora and Fauna of NEOM, Tabuk Province, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Species lists as of 2024 for terrestrial and marine mammals, birds, fishes, herpetofauna, and higher plants were compiled for the NEOM giga-project region in Tabuk Province of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. For documented native species, there are 56 mammals, 309 bird species, 476 marine fish species, 57 herpetofauna species, no native freshwater fish species, and 586 vascular plant species. These lists are based on published technical literature and intensive biodiversity surveys conducted since 2018. This inventory of species represents one of the most comprehensive for any area in the Arabian Peninsula. Terrestrial, freshwater, and marine invertebrates remain as major gaps in NEOM’s inventory of its biota.