IKS-Role of Indian Epics (Mahabharata, Ramayana) in Shaping Societal Values and Norms

Abstract Indian epics like the Mahabharata and Ramayana have significantly shaped Indian society, influencing its values, norms, and cultural ethos for centuries. Attributed to Sage Vyasa and Sage Valmiki respectively, these epics blend myth, history, and philosophy, permeating Indian culture through art, literature, music, and theater. Central to their teachings is the concept of dharma, or righteousness, a cornerstone of Hindu philosophy. The Bhagavad Gita in the Mahabharata emphasizes duty and righteousness, while the Ramayana illustrates dharma through Lord Rama, the epitome of virtue. Characters like Sita and the Pandavas embody sacrifice, devotion, and duty, serving as moral role models. The epics offer insights into kingship, governance, justice, and law. Rama’s rule, or Rama Rajya, is idealized for its justice and prosperity, while the Mahabharata delves into the complexities of ethical governance and moral dilemmas. These timeless stories continue to resonate in contemporary Indian society, shaping political discourse, social debates, and personal conduct. Festivals like Diwali and Dussehra celebrate episodes from the Ramayana, reinforcing its moral lessons. Modern adaptations in television and film reinterpret these epics for today’s world, ensuring their continued relevance. Together, the Mahabharata and Ramayana serve as enduring guides, bridging the past and present while upholding India’s cultural and spiritual heritage.