Evaluation Of Analgesic Activity Of Macaranga Peltata Leaf Extract On Experimental Animals

Background and Objective: Pain significantly impacts global health, and conventional medications often have serious side effects, prompting the exploration of safer alternatives from natural sources. This study aimed to evaluate the analgesic activity of ethanolic extracts from Macaranga peltata leaves, traditionally used for pain management in parts of Asia. Methodology: Macaranga peltata leaves were collected, authenticated, and extracted using ethanol. Phytochemical screening was conducted, and analgesic activity was assessed using Eddy's Hot Plate method in Swiss albino mice. Four groups were tested: control (vehicle), standard (Tramadol 5 mg/kg), and two test groups receiving 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg of the extract, respectively. Results: The extract yielded 3.5% and contained alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolic compounds, tannins, and saponins. It showed dose-dependent analgesic effects, with the 400 mg/kg dose significantly increasing pain latency (p<0.01) at 30, 60, and 90 minutes, while the 200 mg/kg dose showed mild, non-significant increases. Tramadol exhibited the strongest analgesic effect (p<0.001). At 90 minutes, maximum pain inhibition was: Tramadol (49.08%), Extract 400 mg/kg (37.15%), Extract 200 mg/kg (25.46%). Conclusion: The ethanolic extract of Macaranga peltata leaves demonstrated significant dose-dependent analgesic activity, supporting its traditional use. While not as potent as Tramadol, the extract, particularly at 400 mg/kg, shows promise as a natural analgesic alternative, warranting further research into its mechanisms of action, safety profile, and potential clinical applications.