Energy Transition in India: Prospects and Challenges

Objectives: 1. To investigate the status of renewable energy towards its target by 2030. 2. To examine the gap analysis between the required types of renewable energy target and actually achieved. 3. To understand the debate between energy transition and just transition in IndiaMethodology: 1. Statistical tools such as percentage share and growth rate have been employed. 2. The paper uses recent budget allocation data (2025-26). Finding: The recent budget document (2025-26) shows that India received a budget allocation of US$ 4.05 billion for total renewable energy, which is approximately five times the amount invested between 2018 and 2022. The renewable energy contributes around 46 percent of total electricity generation, which shows a positive indication towards achieving its renewable energy targets.Implications: To achieve the stated targets, India needs to increase the installed capacity of renewable energy to 296.8 GW by 2030. This implies that the installed capacity of renewable energy must increase by 16% annually, rather than the current growth rate of approximately 8% annually.Conclusion: India demonstrates its proactive involvement in global climate action through its support for action-oriented projects that emphasize the inextricable link between people and the environment. India’s commitment to a just and inclusive energy transition is evident through its domestic policies and international advocacy, emphasizing its zeal for global cooperation and support from developed countries.