THE EFFECTIVENESS OF COUNTERTERRORISM MEASURES IN SOMALIA

Abstract Terrorism, as a phenomenon, has roots that stretch back centuries, even though its modern connotation has evolved significantly. Originally used to describe governmental actions during the "Reign of Terror" in the French Revolution, terrorism is now primarily associated with violent acts committed by non-state actors against civilians to instill fear and achieve political, religious, or ideological objectives. This shift highlights the transformation from state-centric to non-state terrorism, underscoring changes in tactics and targets over time.