Current Applications and Advantages of Electrochemical Methods for Sensitive Determination of Diphenyl Ether Herbicides

Pesticides, while effective in controlling pests and boosting agricultural yields, pose significant negative effects on the environment and human health. Their widespread use can lead to soil and water contamination, harm non-target organisms, contribute to the development of pesticide-resistant pests, and raise concerns about the potential long-term impact on ecosystems. Electrochemical sensors are one of the leading technologies due to their ability to quickly determine and monitor pesticide levels in several matrices. With the advantages of electrochemical analysis and advanced structural/chemical properties of nanomaterials/biomaterials, advanced electrochemical sensors offer outstanding performance for specific pesticide detection. This is because nanomaterials contribute to the development of advanced (multi)functional electrochemical sensing platforms thanks to their tunable pore diameters, biocompatibility, high surface area and pre-concentration capabilities. This review comprehensively explores the contemporary applications and advantages of electrochemical methods for the sensitive determination of diphenyl ether herbicides, elucidating their pivotal role in modern analytical chemistry. Current uses and developments of electrochemical sensors are presented for practical applications in diphenyl ether herbicides detection and monitoring to end with some concluding remarks, perspectives, and trends.