Narrative Review of Rising Incidence of Maternal Mortality in Rural Areas of Nigeria: A Public Health Concern

Maternal mortality remains a critical public health issue in rural Nigeria, with persistently high rates despite national efforts to address the problem. This review aims to: (1) assess the socio-economic, healthcare, cultural, and geographical factors contributing to the high maternal mortality rate in rural Nigeria; (2) examine the existing gaps in maternal healthcare infrastructure and the effectiveness of current policies and interventions; (3) identify community-based solutions and healthcare system reforms to improve access to maternal care and reduce maternal mortality rates in rural areas; and (4) propose recommendations for policymakers, healthcare providers, and communities to implement strategies aimed at improving maternal health outcomes. The study uses a narrative review methodology, synthesizing literature published between 2018 and 2024, sourced from peer-reviewed journal articles, government reports, and publications from international health organizations. The search for relevant literature was conducted using databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, JSTOR, and Scopus. A combination of keywords, including "maternal mortality," "Nigeria," "rural healthcare,"The Three Delays Model provides a conceptual framework for examining delays in decision-making, reaching healthcare facilities, and receiving adequate care, all of which significantly affect maternal health outcomes in rural Nigeria. Key findings reveal that inadequate healthcare infrastructure, reliance on traditional birth attendants, financial constraints, and poor transportation networks contribute to high maternal mortality rates. The study emphasizes the need for comprehensive interventions, including strengthening healthcare infrastructure, improving financial accessibility, fostering community engagement, and addressing socio-cultural barriers. Policy implications include prioritizing rural healthcare improvements, enhancing access to skilled care, and increasing public health education.