ADVANCEMENTS IN UNDERSTANDING AND MANAGING TINEA CAPITIS: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW FOR PHARMACISTS

Abstract Tinea capitis, a common fungal infection primarily affecting children, presents challenges in diagnosis and management. This review provides a comprehensive overview of tinea capitis, including epidemiology, etiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic approaches, treatment options, and prevention strategies. Epidemiological studies highlight the increasing incidence of tinea capitis worldwide, with varying prevalence rates across different regions and populations. The etiology involves dermatophyte fungi, primarily Trichophyton species, transmitted through direct contact with infected individuals or contaminated objects. Clinical manifestations range from inflammatory to non-inflammatory types, with diverse presentations and potential complications. Diagnostic approaches encompass direct microscopy, fungal culture, molecular techniques, Wood's lamp examination, and distinguishing features from other scalp conditions. Treatment modalities include systemic and topical antifungal agents, with considerations for special populations and adjunctive therapies. Prevention strategies emphasize personal hygiene practices, environmental measures, and education campaigns to mitigate transmission and reduce the burden of tinea capitis. Emerging research focuses on novel therapeutic approaches, including nanotechnology-based antifungals and host-targeted therapies. Overall, this review highlights the importance of early recognition, accurate diagnosis, and tailored management strategies in addressing tinea capitis effectively.