Histopathological Spectrum of Obstructive Lesions in Large Intestine in Tertiary Care Hospital in Haryana: A Prospective Study

Introduction: Intestinal obstruction (IO) disrupts normal intestinal content flow, affecting both small and large bowels. With rising global cancer cases, colorectal cancer (CRC) significantly contributes to morbidity, accounting for 10% of cancer incidences and deaths. Risk factors for CRC include dietary habits, sedentary lifestyle, and age, with higher rates in developed nations. Differentiating small and large bowel obstructions is crucial due to distinct clinical approaches. This study examines the histopathological spectrum of large bowel obstructive lesions in a tertiary care hospital, highlighting the critical role of histopathology in diagnosing and managing IO, especially in cases involving malignant transformations. Material and Methods: This prospective study at BPS GMC examined resected specimens and endoscopic biopsies of large intestine obstructive lesions over one year. Following ethical approval and informed consent, samples were processed with H&E, histochemical, and IHC staining for histopathological analysis, excluding cases with perforation, poor preservation, or inadequate biopsies. Results: The present study analysed 30 large intestine specimens, comprising 46.7% resections and 53.3% biopsies. Ne-oplastic lesions (70%) predominated, with adenocarcinoma (30%) being most common. A significant link was found between dietary patterns and lesion type (p = 0.011). The rectum was the most frequently affected site (53.3%). Conclusion: The study underscores diverse histological variations in large intestine obstructions, emphasising multifactorial causes and significant impacts on young, active individuals.