The Chemical Structure and Clinical Significance of Phenolic Compounds

The biological activities and clinical significance of phenolic compounds are heavily dependent on their chemical structure. The great variety of phenolics, flavonoids in particular, accounts for the myriad ways they benefit health, such as through their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial effects. However, more research is necessary to fill the knowledge gaps related to the action mechanisms, bioavailability, and synergistic effects of these compounds with the mounting interest in phenolic compounds from a practical standpoint; acquiring an appreciation for structure-activity relationships and clinical applications will be imperative in fully realizing them to promote human health. Phenolic compounds form a significant group of phytochemicals known for their antioxidative properties and potential health advantages; they are majorly obtained from plant sources like fruits, vegetables, herbs, and spices. This review paper presents an up-to-date summary relating to different plant-extracted phenolic compounds: sources, types—emphasizing health effects—and identified knowledge lacunae that should receive future probe.