ТРАДИЦІЇ ВИГОТОВЛЕННЯ НЕПОЛИВ'ЯНОЇ КЕРАМІКИ В УКРАЇНІ (НА ПРИКЛАДІ ГОНЧАРНОГО ОСЕРЕДКУ СЕЛА ГАВАРЕЧЧИНА)

Summary.The article highlights the process and main stages of non-glazed ceramics productionin Ukraine: selection, processing, preparation of raw materials, moulding of products on a potter’swheel, drying, surface treatment (polishing, decorating), and firing. Each of them has a significantimpact on the aesthetic appearance and artistic qualities of the products.It has been established that the quality of ceramics, its colour, strength, and water resistancedepend on the physical and chemical properties and composition of clay. It is confirmed that inUkraine, as elsewhere in Europe, black ceramics were made from clay with a high content of ironcompounds.Particular attention is paid to the firing process. It is found that up to a certain point, the firingprocesses of terracotta (red) and smoked (black) ceramics are identical. It is emphasized that the mainrole in creating a characteristic black shard in smoked ceramics is played by a special restorativefiring technology, when an oxygen-free environment is created in the crucible by tightly closing allthe holes; all stages of firing and the design of kilns are consistently considered. The main factorsthat affect the quality and aesthetic appearance of ceramics are identified: clay composition, firingtemperature and duration, fuel quality, kiln condition, etc.Key words: Ceramics, traditions, technology, artistic features, potter, decor, firing.