The Deployment of Military Robots and the Principle of Distinction in International Humanitarian Law: Balancing Human Protection or Emerging Challenges

Abstract The purpose of this study is to examine the use of military robots in light of the principle of distinction of international humanitarian law. The article seeks to answer the question of whether military robots can protect civilians during conflicts and whether they raise new ethical and legal challenges. The study is based on a qualitative analysis, in which the relevant principles of international humanitarian law, the technical capabilities of military robots, and their practical experience during conflicts are assessed. In addition, an in-depth study of existing literature and legal regulations was conducted to better understand the topic. The study shows that military robots can be useful in protecting civilians, but their decisions are based on artificial intelligence, which sometimes makes mistakes. In addition, the implementation of the principle of distinction cannot be fully guaranteed. Military robots are a new tool for saving human lives on the battlefield, but their use has raised a number of legal and ethical challenges for international humanitarian law. Recommendations include creating specific laws and regulations for military robots, designing AI systems to enforce distinction, ensuring human supervision, and conducting further scientific and legal research. Keywords: Civilians, IHL, Military Robots, Protocol I 1977, the Principle of Distinction