Optimal Power Flow Algorithm-Based Controller for Efficient Switching Between Grid-Connected and Islanded Modes in Hybrid Microgrids

In recent years, there has been a substantial increase in energy production from renewable sources worldwide. In rural areas, microgrids are suitable to support the power supply for the appliances. Solar PV systems have been integrated with the grid to help reduce energy costs. This paper studies an optimal power flow (OPF) algorithm-based controller to enhance power system stability. In microgrid systems, if the solar PV cannot produce enough power to satisfy the load demand, the main grid supplies the necessary power to ensure continued operation. The process requires a controller for continual switching between grid-connected and islanded modes in microgrid. The OPF controller is designed to provide the optimal switching method, confirming a perfect transition between these modes. An AC/DC hybrid microgrid system with AC linear load is used to analyze the performance of the OPF controller in the system. The system contains an OPF controller, a linear load, solar PV with an MPPT controller, and a main grid. The OPF controller receives information from the microgrid system, processes it, and provides a reference value between 1 and 0 for the grid switch to control the microgrid’s switching mode. The proposed method was analyzed using MATLAB/Simulink, and the results confirmed the optimal power flow within the microgrid system.