OPTIMIZATION OF NEUROIMAGING OF VASCULAR DISORDERS AND FUNCTIONAL ASSESSMENT OF CEREBRAL STRUCTURES IN DEMENTIA: A PROSPECTIVE STUDY

The article examines the role of modern neuroimaging and neurophysiological methods in the diagnosis of vascular dementia and Alzheimer's disease. Particular attention is given to the significance of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI-MRI), spectral EEG mapping, and positron emission tomography (PET) in detecting characteristic structural and functional brain changes at early stages of cognitive impairment. The article presents data on morphological and functional alterations in white matter, the hippocampus, thalamus, and cerebral arteries. Distinct neurophysiological biomarkers differentiating Alzheimer's disease from vascular dementia are identified. The importance of a comprehensive diagnostic approach combining instrumental and clinical-neurological methods is emphasized for accurate diagnosis and staging of the pathological process.