NAVIGATING U.S.-CUBA RELATIONS: DIPLOMACY, TRADE, AND BILATERAL COOPERATION IN A SHIFTING GLOBAL LANDSCAPE

The relationship between the United States of America (U.S.) and Cuba has been marked by periods of hostility, diplomatic thawing, and economic restrictions. This research critically examines the evolution of U.S.-Cuba relations, with a focus on diplomacy, trade relations, and bilateral cooperation. It assesses how historical events, policy shifts, and international pressures have shaped current engagements. This research contributes to the larger discourse on international relations and economic diplomacy. Core objective of the study is to analyze the historical path of U.S.-Cuba diplomatic relations and its impact on current actions, assess the economic implications of U.S. trade sanctions on Cuba and potential avenues for trade expansion. This study adopts a qualitative research approach, utilizing historical analysis, policy review, and expert interviews. Primary data sources include government documents, treaties, and speeches, while secondary sources include academic journals, policy reports, and news articles. A comparative analysis of U.S.-Cuba relations across different presidential administrations provides insight into shifts in policy and their outcomes. Additionally, thematic analysis is employed to examine key narratives surrounding diplomatic and trade relations. The research is pivoted in three key international relations theories realism, liberalism and constructivism. By applying these frameworks, the study provides a multidimensional understanding of the complexities of U.S.-Cuba relations and offers policy recommendations for enhancing diplomatic and economic cooperation