Moringa Oleifera Lam.: A Detailed Review Of Its Pharmacology, Phytochemistry And Toxicity

Moringa oleifera Lam. hailed as the "tree of life" or "miracle tree," has become a widely distributed plant in tropical and a subtropical regions, that resides to the Moringaceae family. Its numerous pharmacological characteristics encompass antidiabetic, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective actions and among others. Rich in alkaloids, flavonoids, vitamins, and terpenes and have active constituents like as isothiocyanates, zeatin, glucosinolates, quercetin, rhamnose, β-sitosterol, rhamnetin ,caffeoylquinic acid, Isoquercitrin , kaempferol , kaempferitrin , aspartic acid, glutamic acid, glycine, threonine, alanine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, lysine, arginine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, cysteine methionine , arachidic acid , linoleic and linolenic acid , this plant exhibits a broad spectrum of medicinal benefits. Safety studies indicate its benign nature, making it a promising candidate for therapeutic use and revealed no negative effects on the organisms and organs under study, indicating that M. oleifera is safe to use. This review offers a comprehensive overview of M. oleifera plant morphology, phytochemistry, pharmacological activities and safety profiles.