Oxysternon conspicillatum

Oxysternon conspicillatum (Weber, 1801) Fig. 63A Copris conspicillata Weber, 1801: 36 (original description). Type locality: Brazil. Name-bearing type: unknown typification status and whereabouts (Edmonds & Zídek 2004). Oxysternon oberthuri d’Olsoufieff, 1924: 114 (original description). Type locality: Bolivia. Name-bearing type: lectotype (MNHN), designated by Arnaud (1982), not examined. Copris conspicillatus – Fabricius 1801: 32 (redescription). — Schönherr 1806: 35 (cited). — Hope 1837: 51 (comment). Phanaeus conspicillatus – MacLeay 1819: 132 (transferred to Phanaeus). — Erichson 1847a: 107 (redescription). — Harold 1869d: 1017 (list, distribution); 1880: 28 (distribution for Colombia). Oxysternon conspicillatum – Nevinson 1892: 8 (transferred to Oxysternon). — Gillet 1911a: 87 (list). — d’Olsoufieff 1924: 47, 113 (key, redescription, distribution). — Balthasar 1941: 351 (cited for Peru); 1951: 337 (cited for Peru). — Pessôa & Lane 1941: 486‒487 (key, comment). — Blackwelder 1944: 210 (list). — Guérin 1953: 261 (diagnosis). — Vulcano & Pereira 1967: 568 (key). — Howden & Young 1981: 146 (key, redescription). — Blanco 1988: 45 (catalogue). — Vítolo 2000: 599 (key). — Medina et al. 2001: 140 (cited for Colombia). — Ratcliffe 2002: 16 (cited for Panama). — Gámez 2004: 48, 59 (cited, comment). — Gámez et al. 2006: 102 (cited). — Krajcik 2012: 191 (list). — Gámez & Acconcia 2018: 65, 73 (cited, key). — Ratcliffe et al. 2015: 197 (cited for Peru). Copris conspicillatum – Howden & Young 1981: 146 (cited). Oxysternon (Oxysternon) conspicillatum conspicillatum – Vaz-de-Mello 2000: 194 (checklist). — Arnaud 2002b: 68 (diagnosis). — Hamel-Leigue et al. 2006: 17 (cites for Bolivia). — Carvajal et al. 2011: 322–323 (cited for Ecuador). Oxysternon (Oxysternon) conspicillatum – Arnaud 2002a: 67 (diagnosis). — Edmonds & Zídek 2004: 10, 18 (key, diagnosis, distribution). — Vítolo 2004: 287 (diagnosis). — Hamel-Leigue et al. 2009: 62 (distributional for Bolivia). — Vaz-de-Mello et al. 2011: 64 (cited, fig.137). — Figueroa et al. 2014: 131‒132 (distribution for Peru). — Chamorro et al. 2018: 83‒84, 97 (key, cited for Ecuador); 2019: 205 (catalogue). — Hielkema & Hielkema 2019: 102 (cited). Distribution Panama, Colombia, Venezuela, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia. Subregion of Venezuela: Maracaibo Depression, Llanos, Peneplain of the Casiquiare River–Upper Orinoco, Andes mountains, and Guiana Shield. Literature records Howden & Young 1981: 146 (Venezuela). — Blanco 1988: 44–45 (Venezuela: Táchira). — Edmonds & Zídek 2004: 21 (Venezuela: Amazonas: Cerro de la Neblina, Río Mawarinuma; Bolívar: km 40 Santa Elena-Icabarú road, Santa Elena; Mérida: Mérida; Táchira: Palo Gordo, Paramillo, Gallardín, San Cristóbal). — Gámez 2004: 48, 59 (Venezuela: Mérida: Guaraque: Mesa de Quintero, Pinto Salinas: hacienda Santa Ana, sector El Chiquero, Braque del Barro, Padre Noguera: sector cuenca del río Caparo: bosque intervenido; Barinas: Ezequiel Zamora: Paso Real, and Barinitas: Miraflores, quebrada Miraflores). — Gámez et al. 2006: 102 (Venezuela: Mérida). — Gámez & Acconcia 2018: 65, 73 (Venezuela: Barinas). — Chamorro et al. 2019: 205 (Venezuela). — Hielkema & Hielkema 2019: 102 (Venezuela).