The Role of K-Humate and Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Nutrient Accumulation Under Salinity Stress Condition in Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)

Salinity stress poses a significant challenge to cotton (Gossypium hirsitum L.) production, particularly during early growth stages. The present study investigates the effects of iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe (II, III) oxide NPs), K-humate, and their combination on nutrient accumulation in cotton plants under saline conditions. Cotton seedlings were subjected to both saline and non-saline environments, with treatments applied to assess their impact on nutrient uptake in the stem and root sections. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was employed to evaluate nutrient variability across different treatments. Results showed that Fe (II, III) oxide NPs and K-humate enhanced nutrient balance under saline conditions by promoting nutrient uptake and mitigating salinity-induced nutrient imbalances, particularly for potassium (K), sodium (Na), phosphorus (P), and iron (Fe). The combined treatment of iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe (II, III) oxide NPs) and K-humate demonstrated a synergistic effect, improving nutrient interactions and it may contribute to plant resilience. These findings suggest that the use of nanomaterials, particularly in combination with organic compounds like K-humate, holds potential for enhancing cotton tolerance to salinity stress due to alleviating nutrient imbalances caused by salinity stress.