Nuclear Magnetic Resonance in Metabolism and Clinical Medicine: Part 1: NMR-Biochemical Correlation and Theranosis

Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Spectroscopy with serum biomarker levels or ‘NMR-biochemical correlation’ concept has achieved as established diagnostic tool in medical practice in clinical setting. Different NMR spectroscopy methods and multimodal multiparametric MRI with MRS serve the purpose of soft tissue metabolic imaging in decision making and monitoring disease progress towards personalized medicine. Recently, new MRSI pulse sequences, localization techniques are introduced with guidelines to perform deep learning of brain, breast, prostate, liver, heart tissue biophysical and biochemical nature from digital ‘spectromics’ analysis along with other molecular imaging modalities. Different NMR methods, high resolution MRI and MRS techniques are reviewed based on MRI and MRS signals as theranostic biomarker of different soft tissue diseases with available literature on evidence based MR ‘spectromics’, clinical trials, meta-analyses. MRI with MR spectroscopy serves as adjunct real-time, robust, fast tissue digital images. Clinical trials and guidelines on metabolic screening features evaluate the patient disease and facilitate theranosis with available medical practices in clinical setting and their limitations.