UNLOCKING JAKARTA'S TRAFFIC SOLUTION: CLUSTERING OF 25 ODD-EVEN ROADS FOR THE BATTERY ELECTRIC VEHICLE POLICY

Abstract The odd-even license plate policy is a key initiative by the Jakarta Provincial Government to reduce private vehicle usage on designated roads to combat traffic congestion. Since its inception, the number of roads under this policy has steadily increased from 5 in 2016 to 25 in 2019, covering various areas of Jakarta, including West, Central, East, and South Jakarta. Despite the policy's expansion, data indicates an unexpected rise in passenger vehicle purchases in Jakarta and surrounding regions, suggesting limited effectiveness in reducing traffic congestion. Furthermore, while Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs) were exempted from the odd-even restriction starting in 2019, the adoption rate of BEVs has not kept pace with the growth of Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) vehicles. Currently, ICE vehicles continue to dominate the roads under the odd-even policy. To identify the most effective strategies for managing ICE vehicle usage, a k-means clustering analysis is proposed to assess the characteristics of the 25 odd-even roads, including road capacity, average speed, and traffic congestion. By clustering these roads based on their unique characteristics, more targeted and efficient policies can be developed to promote sustainable urban mobility and alleviate congestion in Jakarta.