Clinical Profile, Morbidity, and Mortality Patterns of Low Birth Weight Babies (1500-2500 Grams) in a Tertiary Care Center in the Rural Area of Southern Rajasthan

Significant advancements in neonatology, coupled with an enhanced understanding of the physiology of preterm infants, have notably improved the survival rates of low birth weight (LBW) preterm babies. This study was undertaken to find out the morbidity and mortality profile as well as growth pattern and neurological development of low birth weight babies in South Rajasthan, India. Methods: A prospective observational study conducted on low birth weight babies born at the PIMS, Udaipur and followed up when attending the hospital for routine check-ups or treatment of minor illnesses up to one month of age. All neonates with birth weight between 1500gms and 2500gms were included and all their parameters were recorded in a predesigned Performa for study period of 1 year. Observation: Among 268 neonates studied , mean gestational age was 36.2±2.1 weeks, and the mean weight was 2178±89 grams. 54.4 % participants were appropriate for gestational age, i.e., pre-term LBW, while 45.5 % were small for gestational age. Neonatal jaundice (47.76 %) was the most common morbidity encountered. The study group had a significant delay in somatic growth and neurodevelopment. Conclusion The prevalence of preterm delivery and SGA as a result of IUGR is higher if the mother is primiparous, younger than 20 or older than 35 years, belonging to lower socioeconomic status, or having a comorbid condition during pregnancy. Preterm LBW babies experience more severe morbidity and higher mortality rates compared to SGA babies.