Social acceptance of human–wildlife coexistence: a case study about the reintroduction of the large herbivore European bison (Bison bonasus) in Switzerland

This study examines the social acceptance of the reintroduction of large herbivores. Focusing on a representative case study of European bison (Bison bonasus) in Switzerland, this research was carried out alongside a reintroduction project in its early stages in order to measure regional acceptance of human–wildlife coexistence. A representative survey within the reintroduction area and qualitative interviews were used to identify key factors influencing attitudes toward the reintroduction project. The main results showed a very strong polarization of the public, divided into “ecocentric pro‐project” and “anthropocentric and conservative anti‐project” groups. The strongest predictors of acceptance turned out to be the perception of reintroduction project management and communication, the perception of the animal per se, the affiliation to an environmental association and the perception of regional nature parks (the last two aspects constituting different nuances within a person's environmental values). This study shows that project planners need to focus on clear and transparent communication about project management and process, as well as trying to get the public to appreciate the reintroduced species as a friendly animal. The present research highlights the societal challenges of reintroducing large herbivores into rural landscapes and aims to assist in selecting measures that take into account the needs of all parties.