CLINICOPATHOLOGICAL CORRELATION OF ANEMIA IN CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL.

Background Anemia is a common complication in chronic kidney disease (CKD) and can impact clinical outcomes. This study aimed to examine the prevalence of anemia, its association with renal function, comorbidities, and clinical outcomes in CKD patients. Methods A total of 100 CKD patients (mean age 55.6 ± 12.4 years) were enrolled. Anemia was diagnosed based on hemoglobin levels, and renal function was assessed using the glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Comorbidities, iron profile, erythropoietin levels, and clinical outcomes were also evaluated. Results The study included 100 CKD patients with a mean age of 55.6 ± 12.4 years; 65% were male and 35% female. The prevalence of anemia was 82%, with 45% having mild anemia, 32% moderate, and 5% severe. Anemia severity correlated significantly with lower GFR (p < 0.001), and the anemic group had a higher prevalence of hypertension (88% vs. 58%, p = 0.002), diabetes mellitus (84% vs. 77%, p = 0.03), and proteinuria (85% vs. 67%, p = 0.05). Diabetic nephropathy was the most common etiology (90% of anemic patients, p = 0.04). Anemic patients had significantly lower serum ferritin (185.4 ± 91.6 ng/mL vs. 250.2 ± 128.3 ng/mL, p = 0.01), lower transferrin saturation (60% vs. 25%, p = 0.03), and lower erythropoietin levels (15.2 ± 5.3 mIU/mL vs. 30.1 ± 8.7 mIU/mL, p < 0.001). Hospitalization rates (58% vs. 36%, p = 0.01) and mortality (12% vs. 4%, p = 0.04) were also higher in anemic patients. Conclusion Anemia is highly prevalent in CKD patients and is associated with worse clinical outcomes. Early detection and management of anemia in CKD patients may improve prognosis. Recommendations Early screening and management of anemia, regular monitoring of renal function, and addressing comorbidities can improve CKD patient outcomes.