Cytological effects of Dimethoate and Lambda-Cyhalothrin on Pollen Grain Cells Reproduction and Development

This study investigates the effects of Dimethoate (A) and Lambda-Cyhalothrin (B) on pollen grain cells in the soil at various concentrations. Lowest exine thickness was observed in soil treated with a combination of Dimethoate and Lambda-Cyhalothrin (A+B) at 10mL/L. Dimethoate (A) at 40mL/L increased exine thickness, while Lambda-Cyhalothrin (B) and the combination (A+B) enhanced pollen grain size and circumference. Pollen grain width was largest in soils treated with Lambda-Cyhalothrin (B) at 10mL/L. Additionally, cellular abnormalities, including stickiness, surface deformation, shrinkage, irregular shapes, and size variation, increased with an increase in pesticide concentration. Dimethoate (A) induced the most severe cellular abnormalities, particularly at 50mL/L, with a peak of 31% abnormal cells, compared to 27.3% in Lambda-Cyhalothrin (B) and 20.5% in the combination (A+B). The results indicate significant alterations in exine thickness, pollen grain circumference, and pollen grain width. These findings suggest a dose-response relationship between pesticide concentration and cellular disruption. The study emphasises the potential cytotoxic effects of Dimethoate and Lambda-Cyhalothrin on plant reproduction and development, highlighting the need for sustainable agricultural practices to mitigate pesticide-induced harm. Further research is necessary to explore the molecular mechanisms of these cytological changes and develop strategies to minimise pesticide toxicity in crops.