急性缺血性卒中诊疗技术的进展与展望 Progress and Prospects of Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Acute Ischemic Stroke

急性缺血性卒中是全球成人残疾和死亡的主要原因之一。随着对急性缺血性卒中病理生理机制的深入理解和对诊疗方法的创新，近年来急性缺血性卒中诊疗技术取得显著进展。从多模态影像到生物标志物的应用，从静脉溶栓到机械取栓，从免疫调节到神经保护策略，从干细胞疗法到纳米医学，从最初的单纯药物治疗发展到药物结合机械取栓的综合性治疗，急性缺血性卒中诊治领域正朝着个体化、精准化、有效和全面管理的方向发展。应用多样化的先进诊疗技术和方法，有助于提高急性缺血性卒中的早期诊断水平和治疗效果，最终改善患者预后。 Abstract: Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is one of the leading causes of disability and death among adults worldwide. In recent years, significant advancements have been made in the diagnosis and treatment of AIS, driven by a deeper understanding of its pathophysiological mechanisms and innovations in therapeutic methods. These advancements range from multimodal imaging to the applications of biomarkers, from intravenous thrombolysis to mechanical thrombectomy, from immunomodulation to neuroprotective strategies, and from stem cell therapy to nanomedicine. The field has evolved from drug treatments alone to comprehensive therapeutic models that combine medication with mechanical thrombectomy. The management of AIS is increasingly moving towards individualized, precise, effective, and holistic approaches. Through applying diverse and advanced diagnostic and therapeutic techniques, the early diagnosis level and treatment efficacy of AIS can be enhanced, and ultimately the patients’ outcomes can be improved.