Roll-to-Roll Printed SnO₂ for Flexible N-I-P Perovskite PV

For commercial deployment of perovskite photovoltaics (Pk-PV), large area solution based deposition on flexible substrates is recognized as an attractive manufacturing option [1]. Previous studies have developed the deposition process and integration methods, however, for high yield manufacturing process improvements are critical for roll-to-roll (R2R) production [2]. In conjunction, with the multiple film layers in the single junction n-i-p architecture, the transparent electron transport layer (ETL) has a crucial role. Furthermore, for patterning of the layers, gravure printing is used [3] for deposition of the ETL on the R2R wet etched indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode. Herein, the rheology and film characteristics of the tin oxide (SnO₂) layer were investigated with initial Pk-PV devices, on the R2R deposited films, reaching over 11% PCE. Specifically, two commercially available SnO₂ formulations were tuned for printability and utilized for the ETL in Pk-PVs. The lessons learned from this study can be applied to future developments and independent of sourced materials.