Understanding Student Perceptions of Teaching and Learning Challenges in Higher Education Institutions

The evolving landscape of higher education institutions (HEIs) has brought forward a variety of challengesin the teaching and learning process. With an increasing focus on student satisfaction and academicperformance, understanding students' perceptions of these challenges is crucial for institutions aiming toenhance the learning experience. This paper presents a comprehensive review of literature on the key factorsinfluencing student perceptions of teaching and learning challenges in HEIs. Drawing from a wide range ofstudies, it explores dimensions such as curriculum design, teaching methods, assessment practices, studentengagement, and institutional support. The review identifies various external and internal factors affectingthe teaching-learning process, including technology integration, student-faculty interaction, academicresources, and the evolving expectations of students. Additionally, the study highlights the importance ofaddressing diverse learning needs, fostering inclusivity, and creating a supportive academic environment.