Design and multiphysical modeling of SMA-driven bi-stable structures with efficient energy consumption

The present study investigates a bi-stable shape-morphing mechanism with 3D-printed polymer components and shape memory alloy (SMA) actuators. The system is designed to optimize energy efficiency by employing two sets of SMA wires, enabling it to achieve shape transformation and return to its original form without the necessity of continuous power input. This enhances control, accelerates shape transformation, and significantly reduces energy consumption. The bi-stable shape-morphing process and the requisite electrical, geometric, and mechanical parameters is modelled through multiphysics simulations in COMSOL software, followed by a finite element analysis in ABAQUS. Due to its contribution to energy conservation and functionality enhancement, bi-stability is of significant value in a variety of structural applications, including adaptive building façades. The potential applications of the suggested structure are further discussed.