Analysis of inhaled allergen characteristics of adult patients with allergic asthma in Beijing

Objective To analyze the characteristics of inhaled allergens in adult patients with allergic asthma in Beijing. Methods Clinical data of adult patients with allergic asthma who tested positive for inhaled allergens admitted to Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine from January 2021 to December 2023 were collected， and the characteristics of inhaled allergens were analyzed. Results A total of 1 568 patients with allergic asthma who were positive for inhaled allergens were enrolled， with a male-to-female ratio of 0.85 and an average age of （42.84&#x00B1;16.18） years old. The top 5 positive rates for inhaled allergens were house dust mite mix 2 （53.34%）， animal dander mix 1 （48.22%）， cocklebur （46.59%）， mugwort （39.51%）， and weed pollen mix 5 （37.19%）， respectively. The positive rates of <i>Dermatophagoides</i> farinae， house dust mite， house dust mite mix 2， and <i>Aspergillus fumigatus</i> in male patients were higher than those in female patients （all <i>P &lt; </i>0.05）， while the positive rate of animal dander mix 1 was lower than that in female patients （<i>P = </i>0.001）. The positive rates of cat dander， dog dander， animal dander mix 1， house dust mite mix 2， and common ragweed showed a decreasing trend with age （all <i>P &lt; </i>0.05）. The positive rates of <i>Aspergillus fumigatus</i> and molds and yeasts mix 2 were the lowest among 40-49 years old and 30-39 years old， respectively， and significantly increased after 50 years old （all <i>P &lt; </i>0.001）. The positive rate of cockroach was gradually increased with the age of patients （<i>P = </i>0.003）. Conclusions The proportion of young female patients with allergic asthma positive for inhaled allergens is higher than other counterparts. House dust mite mix 2 positive rate is the highest among all inhaled allergens. The positive rate of certain inhaled allergens varies among different genders and age groups.