Heroin: A Comprehensive review about Synthetic Opioid Between Science, Medicine, and Toxicology

This comprehensive review describes the historical and botanical origins of heroin, and traces its chemical structure synthesis. It provides an essential basis for understanding the molecule's pharmacological behavior and applications. It also describes extraction techniques from plantes. Finally examines the dual nature of heroin. On the one hand, its addictive power is explained by its action on the brain's dopaminergic circuits. On the other hand, its neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory and modulatory effects on neurotransmissions.