L’Économie Sociale et Solidaire (ESS) à l’épreuve de l’Entrepreneuriat Social (ES)

This article is a work of synthesis of the scientific literature on the theme of the Social and Solidarity Economy in its historical evolution and in the face of the advent of Social Entrepreneurship. The study aims to highlight the continuities and ruptures between a sector, in this case the Social and Solidarity Economy, and a set of new economic initiatives, qualified as social. After presenting the legal-institutional dynamics of the Social and Solidarity Economy in France and Morocco, something which allowed us to note the existence of a large effect of the context, we showed on what theoretical foundations this sector is based. The second part of the article is devoted to the study of Social Entrepreneurship, a relatively recent phenomenon whose conception is strongly anchored geographically and oscillates between an approach which makes the Social and Solidarity Economy its matrix and its crucible and a approach which extends it to organizations in the commercial sector. Particular attention is paid to the understanding of the subject by Moroccan researchers and to the particular theme of the positioning of Social Entrepreneurship n relation to traditional (or commercial) entrepreneurship. The third part shows how the Social and Solidarity Economy and Social Entrepreneurship are in a dialogical relationship, made up of tensions and rivalries and at the same time of convergence and complementarity. The extent of a Social and Solidarity Economy, forever marked by the lasting establishment of Social Entrepreneurship, would depend on the clarification of three contentious points : the individual or collective character of economic initiatives serving the social, hybridization or not resources and the social enterprise governance model.